东方论坛—青岛大学学报（社会科学版）

语气副词"果然"是由名词"果"引申虚化为副词后,与词缀"然"构成谓词性偏正词组"果然"并在此基础上经过漫长的发展凝结而成的。先秦两汉时,它还只是一个使用频率很低的偏正词组,魏晋南北朝萌生了作副词的用法,唐宋时期得到进一步的发展,并又引申出了作连词的用法。但"果然"作为副词用法的大量出现,是从元代开始的;作为连词用例的急剧增加则是在明清时期。副词"果然"在疑问句中表"究竟、到底"义的用法在进入现代汉语后已经消失。

Mood adverb"guoran"derived from the noun"guo"and the affix"ran"over a long period of development.In the pre-Qin days and the two Han Dynasties,"guoran"was still an infrequently-used phrase; in the Southern and Northern Dynasties,it took on the use of an adverb;in the Tang and Song Dynasties,it had acquired another use as a conjunction.The frequent use of"guoran"as an adverb began in the Yuan Dynasty, and that as a conjunction began in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.Its meaning of"on earth"disappeared when it entered modern Chinese.