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随着地缘政治事件频发和相对收益的下降，欧盟的地缘政治意识显著增强，开始实施以地缘战略为目标的经济政策，防范地缘经济风险。从地缘经济学的视角深入探讨欧盟政策转变的动因，发现体系层面的国际秩序地缘经济转向、国家层面的欧盟“地缘经济力量”定位以及以俄乌冲突为代表的突发事件的涌现，共同构成了欧盟地缘经济转变的驱动因素。在地缘战略目标的指引下，欧盟经济政策逐渐朝地缘经济方向转变。然而，由于政策目的与手段之间存在的不平衡关系，欧盟的地缘经济政策呈现出有无政策目的和手段三种不同的表现形式。运用案例分析法，对欧盟的数字政策、经贸政策和能源政策进行了细致研究，发现在数字政策领域，欧盟更倾向于采用防御性的产业政策；在经贸政策领域，欧盟更倾向于采用进攻性的经济政策；在能源政策领域，欧盟则融合了防御与进攻的双重策略。欧盟的政策变化可能导致中欧双方在政治关系、关键产业以及全球治理领域产生摩擦，并加剧双方之间的竞争。因此中国应当审慎应对欧盟的地缘经济转变，积极优化中欧关系，推动中欧经贸关系向更高水平发展。
Abstract：With the frequent occurrence of geopolitical events and the decline in relative gains,the European Union’s geopolitical awareness has significantly increased,leading to the implementation of economic policies aimed at geopolitical strategy to prevent geopolitical economic risks.This paper delves into the motivations behind the EU’s policy shift from the perspective of geopolitical economics,identifying the international order’s geopolitical economic shift at the systemic level,the EU’s positioning as a “geoeconomic power” at the national level,and the emergence of sudden events represented by the Russia-Ukraine conflict as the driving factors behind the EU’s geoeconomic transformation.Guided by geopolitical strategic objectives,the EU economic policies are gradually shifting towards a geoeconomic direction.However,due to the imbalance between policy objectives and means,the EU geoeconomic policies exhibit three different forms of expression regarding the presence or absence of policy objectives and means.This paper employs case analysis to conduct a detailed study of the EU digital policy,trade policy,and energy policy.In the realm of digital policy,the EU tends to adopt defensive industrial policies;in trade policy,it leans towards offensive economic policies;and in energy policy,it integrates both defensive and offensive strategies.The changes in the EU’s policies may lead to friction between China and the EU in political relations,key industries,and global governance,intensifying competition between the two sides.Therefore,China should respond cautiously to the EU’s geoeconomic transformation,actively optimize China-EU relations,and promote the development of China-EU economic and trade relations to a higher level.
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(15)Pierre Haroche, A “Geopolitical Commission”: Supranationalism Meets Global Power Competition, JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, vol. 61, no. 4, 2023, pp. 970-987.
(16)忻华：《“欧洲经济主权与技术主权”的战略内涵分析》，《欧洲研究》2020年第4期。
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(19)关于欧盟的国际角色的文献参见：Hedley Bull, Civilian Power Europe: A Contradiction in Terms, Journal of Common Market Studies, vol. 21, no. 2, 1983, pp. 149-170; Ian Manners, Normative Power Europe: A Contradiction in Terms? JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, vol. 40, no. 2, 2002, pp. 235-258.
(20)Pierre Haroche, Geoeconomic Power Europe: When Global Power Competition Drives EU Integration, JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 2024, pp. 1-17.
(21)陈新：《深析当前欧洲的地缘政治焦虑》，《人民论坛·学术前沿》2020年第10期。
(22)解楠楠、张晓通：《“地缘政治欧洲”：欧盟力量的地缘政治转向?》，《欧洲研究》2020年第2期。
(23)Amy Pond, Economic Sanctions and Demand for Protection, Journal of Conflict Resolution, vol. 61, no. 5, 2017, pp. 1073-1094.
(24)董一凡：《欧盟能源安全政策调整及其影响》，《现代国际关系》2022年第11期。
(25)Der Spiegel，Ranking 2024 Die mächtigsten Armeen der Welt，2024-06-05，https: //www.manager-magazin.de/politik/bundeswehr-das-sind-die-maechtigsten-armeen-der-welt-2024-a-29d3fdd4-002d-4122-9203-03e7f16900c0.
(26)International Energy Agency Report，A 10-Point Plan to Reduce the European Union’s Reliance on Russian Natural Gas，2024-06-05，https: //www.iea.org/reports/a-10-point-plan-to-reduce-the-european-unions-reliance-on-russian-natural-gas.
(27)Josep Borrell，Putin’s War Has Given Birth to Geopolitical Europe，2024-06-05，https: //www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/putins-war-has-given-birth-geopolitical-europe＿en.
(28)余南平、冯峻锋：《新技术革命背景下的欧洲战略重塑——基于技术主权视角的分析》，《欧洲研究》2022年第5期。
(29)宫云牧：《数字时代主权概念的回归与欧盟数字治理》，《欧洲研究》2022年第3期。
(30)European Commission，State of the Union Address by President von der Leyen at the European Parliament Plenary，2024-06-05，https: //ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/SPEECH＿20＿1655.
(31)董一凡：《欧盟经济安全战略析要》，《国家安全研究》2024年第1期。
(32)17国包括：比利时、德国、爱沙尼亚、希腊、西班牙、法国、克罗地亚、意大利、马耳他、荷兰、葡萄牙、斯洛文尼亚、芬兰、罗马尼亚、奥地利、斯洛伐克和塞浦路斯。
(33)马国春：《欧盟构建数字主权的新动向及其影响》，《现代国际关系》2022年第6期。
(34)Sandra Eckert, Business Power and the Geoeconomic Turn in the Single European Market, JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 2024, pp. 1-20.
(35)Andrea Christou, Chad Damro, Frames and Issue Linkage: EU Trade Policy in the Geoeconomic Turn, JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 2024, pp. 1-17.
(36)叶斌：《欧盟外资安全审查立法草案及其法律基础的适当性》，《欧洲研究》2018年第5期。
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(38)褚晓、熊灵：《欧盟外资安全审查制度：比较、影响及中国对策》，《国际贸易》2022年第2期。
(39)张怀岭：《美欧强化外资安全审查及其影响》，《国际问题研究》2019年第5期。
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(41)胡子南：《欧盟强化对华经贸防御工具的动因、举措、影响及中国应对》，《太平洋学报》2022年第3期。
(42)赖雪仪、查婷俊：《欧盟对华经贸依赖及其对成员国影响的辨析》，《欧洲研究》2023年第6期。
(43)杨成玉、董一凡：《欧盟绿色产业政策及其对中欧经贸关系的影响》，《德国研究》2023年第4期。
(44)董一凡：《欧盟能源安全政策调整及其影响》，《现代国际关系》2022年第11期。
(45)董一凡、赵宏图：《欧盟绿色产业新政的雄心及困境》，《和平与发展》2023年第5期。
(46)Tomasz Jerzyniak， Anna Herranz-Surrallés, EU Geoeconomic Power in the Clean Energy Transition, JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 2024, pp. 1-18.
(47)邹磊：《欧盟经贸立法：动向、特点与对华影响》，《国际问题研究》2023年第3期。
(48)钟艺琛：《欧盟委员会的扩权与欧盟对华政策的嬗变》，《欧洲研究》2023年第4期。
(49)忻华：《“欧洲经济主权与技术主权”的战略内涵分析》，《欧洲研究》2020年第4期。
(50)European Commission，A Secure and Sustainable Supply of Critical Raw Materials in Support of the TwinTransition，2024-06-05，https: //eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX: 52023DC0165.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:F15;F125;D822.35;D814.1
引用信息:
[1]韩永辉,周铭峰.欧盟经济战略的地缘转型及其对华影响探析[J].东方论坛-青岛大学学报(社会科学版),2026,No.198(02):85-97+169.
基金信息:
国家社会科学基金重大项目“全球产业链重构对全球经济治理体系的影响及中国应对研究”(21&ZD074); 国家自然科学基金面上项目“产业政策对参与全球价值链的影响研究：理论机制、实证识别与中国方案”(72073037)的阶段性成果; 广东省自然科学基金杰出青年项目“面向全球价值链的产业政策治理研究”(2022B1515020008); 广东省社科联青年学术工作坊项目“工业智能化影响产业链安全及海外利益保护的理论机制、作用效果与政策建议”(2025GZF10)的资助
2025-09-26
2025
2026-01-19
2026
1
2026-03-15
2026-03-15